Defects in the Intra-Vascular Factors

The arteries, veins and capillaries, all posses the property of contractility on injury. In small vessels with minute ruptures, local vasoconstriction together with the deposition of platelets from flowing blood on the vessel wound may successfully seal off the gaps without the help of blood coagulation. But, when a large vessel is ruptured, these...
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Defects and Abnormalities in Blood Vessels

The conditions which come under this group can be classified under four heads. I. Congenial. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasis, hereditary haemorrhagic thrombasthenia, Glanzmann’s and von Willebrand’s disease II. Infective . Toxic : Haemorrhagic scarlet fever, measles. Enbolic : Meningococcal or typhoid septicaemia, Endocarditis III. Nutritional. Vitamin C deficiency. IV. Allergic. Henoch-Schonlein purpuras, focal infection, serum...
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Defects and Abnormalities in the Extra-Vascular Factors

The elasticity and resistance of the tissues surrounding the blood vessels protect them and resist the escape of the blood from the site of injury and help in closing the gap in the vessel. Therefore, when this tissue support is lacking as in the substance of the brain, the loose areolar tissue round the...
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HAEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS

Those pathological conditions of the body which allow to escape from the blood vessels, spontaneously or as the result of trauma unable in itself to cause haemorrhage in a normal person, are known as haemorrhagic disorders. There must be some defect in either one or two or all the three normal mechanisms of haemostatis...
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Monocytic Leukaemia

Two forms of the disease viz, (1) Schilling type and (2) Naegeli type have been recognized. Schilling type – arising directly from the reticulo-endothelial system. Naegeli type – arising from myeloid tissue, more rapid course, usually terminates as myeloid leukaemia. Affects all age group, no sex preference. Onset insidious, often death in a few...
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Lymphatic Leukemia

ACUTE LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA Highest incidence in the first five-year of life; relatively rare after the age of 25; onset – sudden with fever, rigor, prostration, aching pains in the limbs, and haemorrhage beneath the skin or in the mouth. Bone and joint pains, enlargement of lymph glands, little enlargement of spleen. May present as...
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Myeloids Leukemias

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA Commonly in children and young adults; more males. The onset is often sudden ; high rise of temperature, pain in the back and limbs, a sore throat, and bleeding from the gums. Rapidly progressing anaemia, tenderness over the sternum and other bones. In the terminal stage , enlarged spleen and liver,...
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