Haematological types of Leukemia

The Leukemia are characterized by an abnormal hyperplasia of the leucopoietic tissues. A peripheral blood examination most often reveals a high leucocyte count, many of the cells being immature. In a number of cases, the peripheral blood may not show any characteristic feature of Leukemia, yet a bone marrow examination reveals plenty of immature...
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Examinations in the Diagnosis of Anemia

Blood smear examination provides useful data for diagnosis in Anemia cases. The aetiology of Anemia has been correlated the peripheral erythrocytic morphology as there are specific morphological changes in the peripheral blood for various aetiological factors of Anemia. Preponderance of large well-stained red cells (macrocytes) with large sized hypersegmented neutrophil polimorphs or gaint metamyelocytes...
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Aplastic Anemia

The term “ aplastic anemia” denotes a rapidly fatal process occurring most frequently in young adults characterized by anemia and often associated with high fever, bleeding from the mucous membranes, and ulcerated lesion of the pharynx and gums. The anemia is persistent and often severe, accompanied in most instances by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. This...
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Haemolytic Anemias

This type of Anemias is caused by an abnormally high rate of erythrocyte destruction and characterized by reticulocytosis, s raised serum bilirubin with an indirect van den Bergh reaction and an excess of urobilinogen in the urine and stool. Rapid destruction of red cells in the circulation is followed by the haemoglobinuria with often...
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ANEMIAS DUE TO BLOOD LOSS

ACUTE HAEMORRHAGE Severe anemia following acute blood loss may occur after post-traumatic haemorrhage, ruptured duodenal ulcer, ectopic pregnancy and in haemophilia. The blood volume is first replaced by plasma, and there is a lowering of haemoglobin, marked increase in the platelets and leucocytes. In acute blood loss the R.B.C. and HB estimations give misleading...
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Anemias due to Deficiency

Iron deficiency Anemias . The blood picture is of the hypochromic microcytic type. The red cells contain less hemoglobin, hence low M.C.H.C. The factors which cause iron deficiency are as follows :- (1) chronic loss of blood by external haemorrhage – eg. Bleeding ulcers, tumours, piles, epistaxis, repeated haemoptysis, hook- worm disease etc. (2)...
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What is ANEMIA

Anemia means deficiency of red cells or hemoglobin in the circulating blood. The deficiency may be qualitative, quantitative or both. Since various factors contribute to the formation, maturation, release and ultimate destruction of the fed cells, it is well-nigh important to recapitulate our knowledge about the cytology and physiology of red cells, in the...
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